kotoba 言葉
Japanese reading practice
Japanese does not mark every word boundary with a space, and a familiar kanji can take a different reading in another compound. Productive reading therefore depends on more than translating characters: you need the word boundary, reading, dictionary form, particles, and sentence pattern together.
Download Kotoba free日本語 · reading sample
駅へ途中で、小さな本屋を見つけました。
On the way to the station, I found a small bookstore.
向かう is marked Learning and stays underlined.
to head toward
verb · dictionary form
週末は海へ向かいます。
This weekend, I’m heading to the sea.
What makes Japanese reading different
Japanese reading becomes manageable when you can separate words, preserve kanji readings, and connect inflected forms to the particles and sentence patterns around them.
Kana, kanji, and punctuation provide clues, but Japanese normally runs words together. Learners must gradually recognize where particles and inflected endings separate meaningful units.
向 is read む in 向かう but appears as こう in compounds such as 方向. The complete word, not the character alone, determines the useful reading.
Politeness, tense, negation, and connective endings reshape verbs and adjectives. A form such as 見つけました points back to 見つける while also showing polite past tense.
Particles such as は, が, を, に, へ, and で indicate topic, role, destination, and setting. Looking up a noun without its particle can remove the relationship the sentence was expressing.
A level-by-level reading path
Read the sentence once for its scene before opening a lookup. When a word blocks the thread, identify the whole word rather than tapping a single kanji, then note its reading and the particle or ending beside it. Re-read the full sentence aloud or silently before continuing so the lookup returns to a connected thought.
Automate kana and recognize a small core of kanji inside predictable sentence patterns.
Follow connected paragraphs and learn to infer inflected forms before checking them.
Build tolerance for unknown words while tracking voice, implication, and longer sentence structure.
The grammar around a word completes the lookup
駅へ向かう途中で、小さな本屋を見つけました。
On the way to the station, I found a small bookstore.
The destination particle へ is pronounced え here. Keeping it beside 駅 shows the direction of movement.
This is the dictionary form むかう, “to head toward.” The whole word supplies a reading that the kanji 向 cannot determine by itself.
途中 means “on the way” or “in the middle.” で marks the circumstance in which the next action occurs.
を identifies the bookstore as the object of 見つけました. 小さな is an attributive form used directly before a noun.
The polite past form points back to the dictionary form 見つける and places the discovery as a completed event.
From lookup to recall
Kotoba keeps the lookup beside the passage, so 向かう can remain connected to むかう, 駅へ, and the sentence in which it appeared. Marking it as Learning preserves that evidence for later practice instead of leaving you with one translated kanji.
“The reading むかう distinguishes this verb from other words written with 向. The particle へ shows the destination, while 途中で frames the action as happening on the way.”
Inspect a complete Japanese word while the original sentence remains visible.
Keep its reading and meaning together when the kanji alone is ambiguous.
Return to the same sentence and continue reading after the lookup.
Kotoba is a reading and practice companion, not a live tutor or a fixed course. The app is free to download; optional Kotoba Pro raises limits for translation, stories, AI practice, and text-to-speech.
Topics covered in this guide
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Original examples written by the Kotoba team. Last reviewed .
Japanese reading questions
Romaji can help at the very beginning, but it does not represent how ordinary Japanese text is written. Move toward hiragana and katakana early, then learn kanji readings through complete words. A reading such as むかう beside 向かう is more transferable than a romaji-only cue.
Kanji entered Japanese through different historical paths and also represent native Japanese words. The useful unit is usually the complete word: 向かう is むかう, while 方向 contains こう. Save the word and sentence rather than assigning one permanent sound to the character.
Yes. Use short graded passages with optional readings and highly familiar situations. Read for the scene first, look up only what blocks meaning, and revisit repeated words. The aim is to make kana, particles, and a small kanji set increasingly automatic.
Start by recognizing common endings for politeness, tense, negation, and connection. A lookup can identify the base form, but compare it with the ending in the original sentence so you also retain what that form was doing grammatically.